The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) collaboration, for the first time, directly observed charge-dependent spectral softenings of five primary cosmic-ray nuclei. This observation confirms the charge-dependent acceleration model first proposed in the 1960s, offering a key clue to solve the longstanding mystery of Galactic cosmic-ray origin.

Researchers from the Institute of Earth Environment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed a tree-ring width chronology using 51 cores from 27 Pinus trees in the southeastern Chinese Loess Plateau.

Researchers at the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences discovered that the E3 ubiquitin ligase PTR1 coordinates carotenoid, sterol, and lipid metabolism in yeast. PTR1 forms a regulatory network with the White Collar Complex and interacting proteins, balancing biosynthetic flux. Conserved across eukaryotes, PTR1-mediated ubiquitination represents a general mechanism for metabolic regulation. These findings expand E3 ligase functions beyond protein turnover and offer new strategies for optimizing microbial production of astaxanthin, sterols, and lipids.

Researchers from the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has confirmed the existence of native two-dimensional cellulose nanosheets (CNSs) and successfully extracted them from cellulose using a mild chemical approach.

Researchers from the Wuhan Botanical Garden and the VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology in Belgium demonstrated that gene loss can be a powerful driver of evolutionary adaptation for plants to thrive in water.

A research team led by Prof. LIU Qingsong from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences discovered a new drug candidate that may help overcome chemotherapy resistance in small cell lung cancer.

Prof. ZHU Xinzhou's team from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, along with collaborators from Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, revealed the mechanism of how the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) exacerbates brain injury following ischemic stroke by amplifying microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.

A new study led by Prof. GAO Pu from the Institute of Biophysics and Prof. GAO Ang from the Beijing Institute of Technology has unveiled an unexpected yet significant discovery: a previously unknown mechanism of membrane destruction termed "vertical membrane shearing." This discovery reshapes our understanding of bacterial immunity.

A collaborative research team led by Prof. MA Yanwei from the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University has overcome the long-standing bottlenecks of black phosphorus (BP), a promising next-generation anode material, paving the way for its practical application.

A new study led by Prof. YAN Xiaoyuan from the Institute of Soil Science has overturned the long-held assumption about nitrogen loss in agriculture. Published as a cover article, the study reveals that most nitrogen gas emissions from rice paddies originate from soil organic nitrogen, rather than applied fertilizers.

A collaborative research team led by the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology has developed a new "process ramanomics" platform. This technology transforms industrial fermentation tanks from opaque "black boxes" into transparent, data-rich environments, enabling real-time, data-driven control of biomanufacturing.

Researchers from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden have identified a key genetic switch that controls the number of leaflets on a soybean leaf. By activating this switch, they transformed the standard three-leaflet (trifoliate) leaf into a five-leaflet form, potentially boosting the plant’s photosynthetic capacity and overall productivity.

Researchers from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Liaocheng University have recently identified a new species of lichen-forming fungus in the subtropical forests of southern China.

Researchers from the Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have revealed that applying methyl jasmonate (MeJA) increases freezing tolerance in bermudagrass by raising levels of jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and MeJA during cold stress.

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has detected PeV (10¹⁵ eV) gamma-ray emission from a pulsar wind nebula powered by PSR J1849-0001 in the constellation Aquila, marking the discovery of a new PeVatron and posing a challenge to the classical theory of particle acceleration in pulsar wind nebulae.

Researchers from the Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the collaborators revealed that phosphorus (P) addition systematically reshapes P cycle in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, shifting ecosystem from P recycling systems toward acquiring and alleviating ecosystem P limitation.

A study from the South China Botanical Garden reveals significant economic returns from restoration efforts of coastal wetlands in China. Analyzing the coastal wetland restoration projects across 2000-2020, the study finds benefit-cost ratios ranging from 7.01 to 47.0, providing strong evidence for integrating wetland restoration into climate and coastal planning strategies.

A research team led by Prof. LIU Qingsong from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, along with collaborators from Tongji University, identified a natural compound, Timosaponin AIII (TAIII), that selectively eliminates CAR-Tregs.