A rapidly warming Arctic and mild cold mid-latitude continents, known as the warm Arctic-Cold continent pattern, have been the main characteristic of the Northern Hemisphere in the last two decades. However, the main drivers are still unclear.
A new study published in
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres led by Prof. XIAO Ziniu and Dr. ZHAO Liang from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and their collaborators have revealed that the Ural and North Pacific blocking high pressures jointly affect the warm Arctic-Cold continent.
Blocking high pressure is a slowly moving or quasi-stationary closed high pressure that develops on the westerly zone, causing the westerly zone to branch and hindering the movement of the weather system.
The researchers conducted in-depth study on the relation among the blocking highs, the Arctic Oscillation and the warm Arctic-Cold continent. They constructed an index of high-latitude concurrent blocking highs to characterize the phenomenon that blockings frequently occur simultaneously at high latitudes. They also examined how concurrent blocking highs and Arctic Oscillation affect the warm Arctic-Cold continent on interdecadal timescales.
"We found that the warm Arctic-Cold continent is much more highly correlated with the high-latitude concurrent blocking highs between the Ural blocking high and the North Pacific blocking high than the Arctic Oscillation. And in recent years, with the enhancement of blocking synergy, the warm Arctic-Cold continent is also gradually enhanced," said Dr. ZHAO Liang, the lead author of the study.
"The increased blocking firstly induces the Arctic warming by transmitting a large amount of water vapor and heat to the Arctic region. This process causes the weakening of the circumpolar jet and the polar movement of the subtropical westerly jet, and finally results in a weak cooling in the mid-latitude continent, forming the warm Arctic-Cold continent," said Dr. DONG Wei from Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, one of the corresponding authors.
The study also examined the warm Arctic-Cold continent with concurrent blocking highs reproduction in simulations with human activity. Experiments show that human activities may make the blocking synergy more significant.
"This indicates that it is highly necessary to pay attention to the increasing concurrent blockings in warming climate. Relevant study is expected to help improve the predictability of extreme cold events in winter," said Prof. XIAO Ziniu, the corresponding author.
