In-depth research has been carried out by the Research Center on Soil & Water Conservation and Environment on erosion environmental evolution and control in China, soil and water conservation system and its effects on natural resources, environment and the sustainable development. A monograph titled Soil and Water Conservation in China was published based on the research results. It summarized the achievements during the past half century, revealed that the intensive erosion of loess plateau occurs in semiarid fragile habitat, defined the wind-water erosion crisscross region along the Great Wall, initiated the new research field of soil erosion effected by both water and wind, concluded that accelerated erosion by human activities dominate the modern soil erosion process, proposed the scientific evidence for taking 15°as the upper limit of threshold value for the conversion of slope farmland for the first time, and presented the theoretical support for governing the slope to weaken the gully erosion.