Main functions: to develop R&D plans for basic science; to manage trans-CAS large-scale science projects; to make predictions about development trends in mathematics, astronomy and the physical sciences; and to formulate, together with relevant bureaus, development plans for major disciplines. The bureau organizes and coordinates bids by research institutes to have projects listed in major national programs and large-scale scientific projects; and undertakes the planning, initiation, public bidding, oversight, appraisal and official approval of major research projects and new centers of the CAS. It provides advice and guidance on the readjustment and reorientation of development directions for research institutes.

Divisions: Division of Comprehensive Planning, Division of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Interdiscipline, Division of Astronomy, Mechanics and Space Science, Division of Largescale Science Projects and Nuclear Science, and Office of Xiangshan Science Conference.